Interpreting ambiguous stimuli : Separating perceptual and judgmental biases
Identifieur interne : 001220 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001219; suivant : 001221Interpreting ambiguous stimuli : Separating perceptual and judgmental biases
Auteurs : Andreas Voss [Allemagne] ; Klaus Rothermund [Allemagne] ; Jochen Brandtst Dter [Allemagne]Source :
- Journal of experimental social psychology : (Print) [ 0022-1031 ] ; 2008.
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Abstract
Interpreting ambiguous situations is not a purely data-driven process but can be biased towards positive interpretations by top-down influences. The present study tries to identify the underlying processes of these top-down influences. There are two separable types of processes that can be influenced by motivational biases: A perceptual bias affects information uptake whereas a judgmental bias affects acceptance criteria for positive and negative outcomes. In the present study, motivated influences on perception and judgment were investigated with a simple color discrimination task in which ambiguous stimuli had to be classified according to their dominating color. One of two colors indicated a financial gain or a loss, whereas a third color was neutral. To separate perceptual and judgmental biases, Ratcliff's [Ratcliff, R. (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review, 85, 59-108] diffusion model was employed. Results revealed motivational influences on perception and judgment.
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i1="01"><s1>Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Psychologie, Engelbergerstr. 41</s1><s2>79085 Freiburg im Breisgau</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Fribourg-en-Brisgau</region><settlement type="city">Fribourg-en-Brisgau</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothermund, Klaus" sort="Rothermund, Klaus" uniqKey="Rothermund K" first="Klaus" last="Rothermund">Klaus Rothermund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Psychologie, Am Steiger 3, Haus 1</s1><s2>07743 Jena</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Haus 1</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07743 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brandtst Dter, Jochen" sort="Brandtst Dter, Jochen" uniqKey="Brandtst Dter J" first="Jochen" last="Brandtst Dter">Jochen Brandtst Dter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Universität Trier, Institut für Psychologie</s1><s2>54286 Trier</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>54286 Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Institut für Psychologie</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>54286 Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of experimental social psychology : (Print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. exp. soc. psychol. : (Print)</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1031</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of experimental social psychology : (Print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. exp. soc. psychol. : (Print)</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1031</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ambiguity</term><term>Attention</term><term>Categorization</term><term>Cognitive bias</term><term>Human</term><term>Information processing</term><term>Judgment</term><term>Social cognition</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ambiguité</term><term>Jugement</term><term>Biais cognitif</term><term>Attention</term><term>Traitement information</term><term>Catégorisation</term><term>Cognition sociale</term><term>Homme</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Jugement</term><term>Homme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Interpreting ambiguous situations is not a purely data-driven process but can be biased towards positive interpretations by top-down influences. The present study tries to identify the underlying processes of these top-down influences. There are two separable types of processes that can be influenced by motivational biases: A perceptual bias affects information uptake whereas a judgmental bias affects acceptance criteria for positive and negative outcomes. In the present study, motivated influences on perception and judgment were investigated with a simple color discrimination task in which ambiguous stimuli had to be classified according to their dominating color. One of two colors indicated a financial gain or a loss, whereas a third color was neutral. To separate perceptual and judgmental biases, Ratcliff's [Ratcliff, R. (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review, 85, 59-108] diffusion model was employed. Results revealed motivational influences on perception and judgment.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li></country><region><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>District de Fribourg-en-Brisgau</li></region><settlement><li>Fribourg-en-Brisgau</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bade-Wurtemberg"><name sortKey="Voss, Andreas" sort="Voss, Andreas" uniqKey="Voss A" first="Andreas" last="Voss">Andreas Voss</name></region><name sortKey="Brandtst Dter, Jochen" sort="Brandtst Dter, Jochen" uniqKey="Brandtst Dter J" first="Jochen" last="Brandtst Dter">Jochen Brandtst Dter</name><name sortKey="Rothermund, Klaus" sort="Rothermund, Klaus" uniqKey="Rothermund K" first="Klaus" last="Rothermund">Klaus Rothermund</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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